May 20, 2025

Gray wolves are highly social and adaptive predators whose behaviors have evolved to support survival and reproduction in diverse environments. Typically living and hunting in family groups known as packs, wolves rely on cooperation for hunting large prey, raising pups, and defending territory. Communication plays a central role in wolf behavior. Wolves use vocalizations such

California’s ongoing transition toward cleaner energy sources involves a complex interplay between environmental goals and economic factors, especially concerning energy prices and affordability. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality have led to regulations and initiatives aimed at increasing the share of renewable energy, enhancing energy efficiency, and reducing reliance on fossil